The process of executing test cases and verifying the software application's behavior without the use of automation tools. Here are the typical steps involved in manual testing:
1. Understanding Requirements:
- Review the project documentation, including requirements specifications, design documents, and user stories, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the application's functionality.
2. Test Planning:
- Develop a test plan that outlines the testing approach, test objectives, scope, resources, schedule, and deliverables.
3. Test Case Design:
- Create detailed test cases based on the requirements. Test cases should include preconditions, test steps, expected results, and post-conditions.
4. Test Environment Setup:
- Prepare the test environment, including the installation of the necessary software, configuration of hardware, and any other setup required for testing.
5. Test Data Preparation:
- Identify and create the necessary test data required for executing test cases. This includes both valid and invalid data to cover various scenarios.
6. Test Execution:
- Execute the test cases according to the test plan. Follow the test steps, input the test data, and observe the actual results.
7. Defect Reporting:
- If any discrepancies are found during test execution, log defects in a defect tracking tool. Include detailed information about the issue, steps to reproduce, and any supporting documentation.
8. Defect Verification:
- Once a defect is fixed by the development team, retest the affected functionality to ensure that the issue has been resolved.
9. Regression Testing:
- After verifying and closing defects, perform regression testing to ensure that the changes have not introduced new issues and that existing functionality still works as expected.
10. Ad Hoc Testing:
- Conduct exploratory testing or ad hoc testing to identify additional issues that might not be covered by formal test cases.
11. Test Closure:
- Summarize the testing activities, document the results, and prepare test closure reports. Provide insights into the testing process, including the test coverage and the overall quality of the software.
12. Test Metrics and Reporting:
- Collect and analyze test metrics, such as test execution progress, defect density, and test coverage. Prepare and share reports with relevant stakeholders.
13. Feedback and Continuous Improvement:
- Gather feedback from the testing team and other stakeholders to improve the testing process continually. Identify areas for improvement in test cases, processes, or collaboration.
14. Documentation:
- Maintain documentation, including test cases, test plans, and test results. Ensure that all testing activities are well-documented for future reference.
These steps provide a general framework for manual testing, and the specific details may vary depending on the project's requirements, methodologies, and organizational practices. Effective communication and collaboration with development and other project teams are crucial throughout the manual testing process.
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